2 Samuel 15:12

Authorized King James Version

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And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David's counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he offered sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח sent H7971
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 1 of 20
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ And Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ And Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 2 of 20
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲחִיתֹ֨פֶל for Ahithophel H302
אֲחִיתֹ֨פֶל for Ahithophel
Strong's: H302
Word #: 4 of 20
achithophel, an israelite
הַגִּֽילֹנִ֜י the Gilonite H1526
הַגִּֽילֹנִ֜י the Gilonite
Strong's: H1526
Word #: 5 of 20
a gilonite or inhabitant of giloh
יוֹעֵ֣ץ counsellor H3289
יוֹעֵ֣ץ counsellor
Strong's: H3289
Word #: 6 of 20
to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or resolve
דָּוִ֗ד David's H1732
דָּוִ֗ד David's
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 7 of 20
david, the youngest son of jesse
מֵֽעִירוֹ֙ from his city H5892
מֵֽעִירוֹ֙ from his city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 8 of 20
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
מִגִּלֹ֔ה even from Giloh H1542
מִגִּלֹ֔ה even from Giloh
Strong's: H1542
Word #: 9 of 20
giloh, a place in palestine
בְּזָבְח֖וֹ while he offered H2076
בְּזָבְח֖וֹ while he offered
Strong's: H2076
Word #: 10 of 20
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַזְּבָחִ֑ים sacrifices H2077
הַזְּבָחִ֑ים sacrifices
Strong's: H2077
Word #: 12 of 20
properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)
וַיְהִ֤י H1961
וַיְהִ֤י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 20
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הַקֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ And the conspiracy H7195
הַקֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ And the conspiracy
Strong's: H7195
Word #: 14 of 20
an (unlawful) alliance
אַמִּ֔ץ was strong H533
אַמִּ֔ץ was strong
Strong's: H533
Word #: 15 of 20
strong or (abstractly) strength
וְהָעָ֛ם for the people H5971
וְהָעָ֛ם for the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 16 of 20
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
הוֹלֵ֥ךְ continually H1980
הוֹלֵ֥ךְ continually
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 17 of 20
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
וָרָ֖ב increased H7227
וָרָ֖ב increased
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 18 of 20
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
אֶת H854
אֶת
Strong's: H854
Word #: 19 of 20
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ And Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ And Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 20 of 20
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite

Analysis & Commentary

And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David's counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he offered sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Rebellion, emphasizing betrayal, trusting God in exile. Absalom's conspiracy demonstrates calculating betrayal and political manipulation. David's flight from Jerusalem parallels later exile experiences, developing themes of trusting God during devastating reversals. The Hebrew emphasizes Absalom's patient, methodical undermining of David's authority. Cross-references to Psalms written during this period (Psalms 3, 63) reveal David's spiritual responses to political catastrophe.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 15 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding betrayal, trusting God in exile provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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